Original Text & Translation原文与译文
左傳·哀公十四年 · Zuo Zhuan · Wikisource
十四年春，西狩于大野。叔孫氏之車子鉏商獲麟，以爲不祥，以賜虞人。仲尼觀之，曰：「麟也。」然後取之。
In the spring of the fourteenth year, there was a western hunt in the Great Wilds. Chushang, charioteer of the Shusun clan, captured a Qilin. Believing it inauspicious, he gave it to the park-keeper. Confucius examined it and said: "It is a Qilin." Thereupon they took possession of it.
說文解字·鹿部 · Shuowen Jiezi · Wikisource
麒：仁獸也。麋身牛尾，一角。从鹿，其聲。麟：大牝鹿也。从鹿，粦聲。麐：牝麒也。
Qi: a benevolent beast. It has the body of an elk, the tail of an ox, and a single horn. Lin: a large female deer... Lin is also the female counterpart to Qi.
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爾雅·釋獸 · Er Ya · Wikisource
麐，麕身，牛尾，一角。〔郭璞注：角頭有肉。公羊傳曰：有麕而角。〕
The Lin has the body of a muntjac, the tail of an ox, and a single horn. [Guo Pu's commentary: The tip of its horn has flesh. The Gongyang Zhuan says: It is like a muntjac with a horn.]
公羊傳·哀公十四年 · Gongyang Zhuan · Wikisource
十有四年春，西狩獲麟。何以書？記異也。何異爾？非中國之獸也。……曷為獲麟大之？麟者仁獸也。有王者則至，無王者則不至。有以告者曰：「有麕而角者。」孔子曰：「孰為來哉！孰為來哉！」反袂拭面，涕沾袍。
In the fourteenth year, in spring, a western hunt captured a Qilin. Why was this recorded? To record a wondrous anomaly... Why was the capture of the Qilin treated with such gravity? The Qilin is a benevolent beast: when a true sage reigns it arrives; when there is no sage it does not arrive. A messenger reported: "There is a creature like a muntjac with a horn." Confucius wept: "For whom has it come? For whom has it come?" He turned his sleeve to wipe his face, and his tears soaked his robes.
禮記·禮運 · Li Ji · Wikisource
故天降膏露，地出醴泉，山出器車，澤出神馬，麟、鳳、龜、龍，謂之四靈。故麟以爲畜，故獸不狘。
Thus sweet dew fell from heaven, springs of sweet wine gushed from the earth, the hills yielded ceremonial chariots, and marshes brought forth divine steeds. The Qilin, the Phoenix, the Sacred Turtle, and the Dragon were called the Four Spirits. When the Qilin was domesticated in the royal park, wild beasts were never panicked into flight.
大戴禮記·易本命 · Da Dai Li Ji · Wikisource
有毛之蟲三百六十，而麒麟爲之長。……故帝王好壞巢破卵，則鳳凰不翔焉；好竭水搏魚，則蛟龍不出焉；好刳胎殺夭，則麒麟不來焉。
Of the three hundred and sixty hairy animals, the Qilin is their sovereign... Thus if rulers delight in destroying nests and smashing eggs, the Phoenix does not soar; if they drain waters to seize fish, the Flood Dragon does not emerge; if they butcher the pregnant and slaughter the young, the Qilin will not come.
詩經·周南·麟之趾 · Shi Jing · Wikisource
麟之趾，振振公子，于嗟麟兮。麟之定，振振公姓，于嗟麟兮。麟之角，振振公族，于嗟麟兮。
The hooves of the Lin! Gentle and virtuous are the duke’s sons! Oh, praise be to the Lin! The forehead of the Lin! Gentle and virtuous are the duke’s clansmen! Oh, praise be to the Lin! The horn of the Lin! Gentle and virtuous is the duke’s lineage! Oh, praise be to the Lin!
Comparing the Books典籍对比
The Classic of Poetry and Er Ya establish its gentle physical anatomy: a deer-like frame, bovine tail, and horn tipped with harmless flesh. The Spring and Autumn chronicles (Zuo Zhuan and Gongyang Zhuan) elevate it into the ultimate moral bellwether of history, whose capture out of season brought Confucius to tears.
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