Pángǔ

盤古Pangu

The primordial creator from Xu Zheng's Sanwu Liji: born in cosmic chaos, he grew ten feet each day as heaven and earth separated.徐整《三五历纪》所记开天辟地之创世神:生于混沌鸡子之中,一日九变,日长一丈,开辟天地。

Birth出生

Born in egg-like chaos生在像鸡蛋的混沌里

盤古生其中

Change变化

Changed nine times a day一天变化九次

一日九變

Growth生长

Grew ten feet a day每天长高一丈

盤古日長一丈

Age时间

Eighteen thousand years历经一万八千年

萬八千歲

Woodblock print from Sancai Tuhui showing the horned giant Pangu with long beard clothed in leaves, inscribed 'Pangu Shi'雙角Twin horns额顶所生之双角雙角Twin horns额顶所生之双角長髯Long beard胸前垂拂之须髯長髯Long beard胸前垂拂之须髯葉衣Leaf garment腰身披覆之草木树叶葉衣Leaf garment腰身披覆之草木树叶赤足Bare feet画中赤着的双脚赤足Bare feet画中赤着的双脚
天地開闢,陽清為天,陰濁為地

Heaven and earth split open: clear yang became heaven, turbid yin became earth.

藝文類聚·卷一

17th-century woodcut: Pangu Surveys Heaven and Earth17世纪刻本插图:盘古遍观天地四维 — Standing amidst clouds in a circular frame, surveying the divided cosmos圆框中立于云雾之间,遍观初开天地

Pangu Shi 盤古氏, the primordial creator in leafy attire. Wang Qi and Wang Siyi, Sancai Tuhui 三才圖會 (c. 1607), woodblock print明·王圻、王思义编《三才图会》(约1607)“盘古氏”像,明万历刻本 · Public domain公有领域Woodblock insert (17th century), 'Pangu Surveys Heaven and Earth and the Four Coordinates' (盤古遍觀天地四維)17世纪刻本插图“盘古遍观天地四维” · Anonymous (17th century)17世纪佚名画家, 17th century17世纪

Highlighted words: anatomy part · feature · form type — tap to jump标色词:形态部位 · 特征 · 形态类别,点击可跳转

The texts原文

Original Text & Translation原文与译文

藝文類聚·卷一 · Yiwen Leiju · Wikisource

天地混沌如雞子,盤古生其中,萬八千歲,天地開闢,陽清為天,陰濁為地,盤古在其中,一日九變,神於天,聖於地,天日高一丈,地日厚一丈,盤古日長一丈,如此萬八千歲,天數極高,地數極深,盤古極長,後乃有三皇。
Heaven and earth were in chaos like an egg, and Pangu was born within it. After 18,000 years, heaven and earth cracked open: the clear yang became heaven, and the turbid yin became earth. Pangu was in their midst, transforming nine times a day, divine in heaven and sacred on earth. Each day heaven rose ten feet, each day earth thickened ten feet, and each day Pangu grew ten feet. Thus after 18,000 years, heaven reached its utmost height, earth its utmost depth, and Pangu his utmost length. Afterwards came the Three Sovereigns.

Comparing the Books典籍对比

The passage quoted in the Yiwen Leiju describes Pangu growing within egg-like chaos as heaven and earth split. It says nothing about what became of his body; this page quotes only that passage.

The story来历与故事

The primordial creator in Chinese mythology: born inside chaos like an egg, he grew ten feet a day over eighteen thousand years as heaven and earth divided.

Born in the Cosmic Egg混沌初开:鸡子之生与一日九变

Born inside the egg-like chaos, Pangu grew each day as heaven and earth separated.《艺文类聚》引徐整《三五历纪》记载天地混沌如鸡子,盘古生于其中,一日九变,神于天,圣于地。

In Xu Zheng's Sanwu Liji, preserved in the Yiwen Leiju, heaven and earth were originally chaotic like an egg, and Pangu was born within it.

Over eighteen thousand years, the cosmos split open: the clear yang rose to become heaven, and the turbid yin settled to become earth.

Woodblock insert (17th century), 'Pangu Surveys Heaven and Earth and the Four Coordinates' (盤古遍觀天地四維)
Woodblock insert (17th century), 'Pangu Surveys Heaven and Earth and the Four Coordinates' (盤古遍觀天地四維)17世纪刻本插图“盘古遍观天地四维”

The Separation of Heaven and Earth万八千岁:天高地厚与盘古日长

Over eighteen thousand years, heaven rose and earth deepened as Pangu grew ten feet a day.盘古在天地之中每天长高一丈,天日高一丈,地日厚一丈,历经一万八千年,天数极高,地数极深。

Pangu stood in the midst of heaven and earth, transforming nine times each day, divine in heaven and sacred on earth.

Each day heaven rose ten feet, earth thickened ten feet, and Pangu grew ten feet, until heaven was exceedingly high and earth exceedingly deep.

Iconography of the Primordial Creator创世法相:三才图会与遍观天地

Woodblock prints depict Pangu as a bearded horned giant clothed in leaves.《三才图会》的盘古像画他头上有两个小角、身披树叶、长须垂胸。

In the late Ming Sancai Tuhui (c. 1607), Pangu is depicted as a horned giant with a long beard, clothed in leaves around shoulders and waist.

A seventeenth-century woodcut illustration titled 'Pangu Surveys Heaven and Earth and the Four Coordinates' shows him amidst clouds, surveying the newly divided cosmos.

Record档案

Record Card档案卡

TypeCreator Deity (born in egg-like chaos as heaven and earth divided)
Also known asPangu Shi 盤古氏 (title on the Sancai Tuhui print)
Earliest sourceSanwu Liji 三五歷紀 by Xu Zheng, quoted in Yiwen Leiju, juan 1
DwellingBorn inside chaos like a hen's egg (混沌如雞子)
NatureGrew ten feet a day as heaven rose and earth thickened (盤古日長一丈)
Heaven and earthClear yang became heaven, turbid yin became earth (陽清為天,陰濁為地)
Earliest source藝文類聚·卷一
Source books藝文類聚·卷一
Image sourceWang Qi 王圻 & Wang Siyi 王思義 (ed.) · Wikimedia Commons
LicensePublic domain

Frequently Asked Questions

Who was Pangu according to the earliest source?

In Xu Zheng's Sanwu Liji, quoted in the Yiwen Leiju, Pangu was born inside egg-like chaos and grew as heaven and earth separated.

Does this text say what happened to Pangu's body?

No. The Sanwu Liji passage quoted here only records his birth, his growth and the division of heaven and earth.

What does Pangu wear in the Sancai Tuhui print?

In the Sancai Tuhui print he is drawn clothed in leaves around his shoulders and waist with twin horns on his head.